Cas groupés d’infections aiguës par le virus de l’hépatite B liés à des actes d’acupuncture Languedoc-Roussillon, 2008 A viral hepatitis B cluster associated with acupuncture practices Languedoc-Roussillon, 2008 In September 2008, an acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) was notified to the local health authorities (Ddass) in a female teenager teenager whose only risk factor was acupuncture sessions in a Chinese center. A visit of the acupuncture centre by the Ddass confirmed the illegal practice of medicine and suggested unsafe hygiene practices. In addition to non-compliance with standard precautions, the inspection noted the presence of contaminated needles or suction cups potentially reused. The acupuncture centre was closed by Ddass, which launched an investigation in order to identify new cases (notification of HBV infections was enhanced by public and professional information) and to describe their epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics (genomic sequencing at the National Reference Laboratory for hepatitis). A case was defined as an acute hepatitis B acquired by any person treated by the acupuncturist in the past six months. A total of four confirmed cases (including one asymptomatic case) were identified among women aged 16 to 85 years old; none were immunized against HBV and none reported any HBV risk factor but acupuncture. Although two cases had acupuncture sessions on the same day, the whole chain of contamination remained unknown. All four HBV strains were of genotype D. The four strains were genotype D and showed a 100% homology in the entire genome for three strains and in two independent regions (genes C and S) for the fourth strain. Furthermore, the gene S of the four viruses had the same mutation (T131I). This episode is the first HBV cluster in an acupuncture centre described in France. The results of the investigation confirmed HBV transmission from patient to patient, probably related to unsafe practices and use of non-disposable, soiled acupunctureneedles. Acupuncture in France is a medical practice that must strictly follow good infection control practices. |
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