Fin décembre 2007, un hôpital local du Var signalait à la Direction départementale des affaires sanitaires et sociales la survenue d’une épidémie de cas de gastro-entérites aiguës (GEA) d’origine probablement virale. Une investigation épidémiologique était conduite afin de recenser les cas et apporter des recommandations visant à contrôler l’épidémie. Le recensement des cas a été effectué sur la base des déclarations de l’hôpital. Le nombre de cas, parmi les patients et le personnel, et la période de survenue ont été recueillis pour chaque service. Des coprocultures ont été réalisées avec recherche bactérienne et virale. En un mois, 159 cas ont été recensés : 25 étaient des membres du personnel (taux d’attaque : 22 %) et 134 des patients (taux d’attaque : 46 %). Le tableau clinique était bénin et l’évolution favorable en 24-48 heures sans hospitalisation. Malgré l’absence de données individuelles, la description clinique est en faveur d’une étiologie virale de l’épidémie. Les souches de norovirus retrouvées dans les selles de 3 cas renforcent cette hypothèse. Investigation of an outbreak of viral gastroenteritis in a local hospital Var Department, November-December 2007 At the end of December 2007, a local hospital, located in the Var department, reported to the health departmental authorities, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis cases (AGE) likely to be of viral origin. A descriptive epidemiological investigation was carried out in order to recommend preventive and control measures. Cases identification was done according to hospital notifications. The number of cases among residents and staff was collected per department and analysed per date of onset. Stools cultures were performed, searching for pathogenic bacteria and virus. In one month, 159 cases were reported: 25 among the staff (attack rate – AR=22%) and 134 among patients (AR=46%). The clinical signs were mild and no case was transferred to the hospital. The hospital is located on two sites, the only links between this sites being the staff and catering activities. The first site consists of two buildings, of which one is three-storeyed. The first 29 cases occurred at the 2 nd floor of the first site, followed by the first floor (15 cases) and the 3 rd floor (3 cases). The outbreak spread to the second building on the same site (72 cases) and finally to the second site (40 cases). The same strain of norovirus was isolated in three stool cultures. Despite the lack of individual data, the clinical description was in favour of a viral etiology of the epidemic. The norovirus strains found in the stools of three cases reinforce this hypothesis. The outbreak spread very rapidly due to the high infectivity of norovirus and the lack of isolation of cases. Residents moving to different units of a building, may have contributed to dissemination among the different units. However, as the virus spread to several buildings, it is likely that staff played a major role in the spread of the outbreak. Face to a GEA outbreak, it is necessary to implement or reinforce control measures and hygiene standards immediately. Late reporting has failed to limit the spread of virus in the facility, showing the importance of early communication among departments.
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